November 14, 2012
1950s and TV
Movies had to compete
Different ways of competing -
aiming at the new target audience - teenagers
Baby Boomers! - the biggest
bump in history (population-wise)
This is the first generation that had
everything aimed at them.
Their media world (and more) was designed to
appeal to them.
Movies - TV - Driving around (gas was almost free) -
music - dances - dating -
Drive Ins were one way of competing for that
new market
this new trend coincided with the opening of that whole free
market for movies - new kinds of movies came up to fill this new market - cheap,
easy to make, crappy, fun, silly, B movies -
These B movies allow for a
whole new population of movie makers to
break in. These new people aren’t the studio type.
This is the rise of independent cinema.
New genres - horror
changes and becomes more violent and more grotesque
science fiction comes out
(thanks to science advances)
new kinds of romance movies (teenager
romance)
new kinds of movie stars - teenagers
Adults were also not
going to movies, so Hollywood had to change their movies too.
Epics -
big, loud, amazing, giant casts, huge screens (Cinerama, 70mm, Cinemascope),
special effects, big ideas, period pieces, crazy new stunts, etc.
These
were the opposite of little black and white TVs
Ben Hur, Spartacus, El
Cid? These are epics
Even the way movies were made was changing to fit
these new ideas
The Method - a new style of acting that was really unusual
compared to old acting
Old Style - pretend to cry, pretend to laugh,
pretend to be angry, PRETEND
The Method - actually cry, actually laugh,
actually be angry, BE
Marlon Brando -
James Dean -
Sense
memory - Research - Active listening -
The old bosses and old styles and
old studios and all that starts to look pretty goofy
As we get into the
60s there’s a feeling that Hollywood is for old folks - it is ridiculous and the
movies are out of touch.
1960s.
Vietnam
Drugs
Hippies
Music Revolution
TV news
Black/white
politics
female/male politics
The Pill
Influence of foreign
movies
Relax of the Hays Code
Independent movies
Bonnie and Clyde
told the old bosses that they didn’t get it.
And they actually learned
from this.
They started making deals with a that new generation of
young, crazy, independent people and the entire industry went totally different.
For 10 years after this (so, the 1970s) movies are incredible.
The Second Golden Age of Hollywood.
This is the era of:
Steven Spielberg - Jaws
George Lucas - Star Wars
Francis Ford
Coppola - The Godfather
Martin Scorsese - Taxi Driver
William Friedkin -
The Exorcist
November 13, 2012
Montage - Sergei Eisenstein - Soviet filmmaker
these guys back then were
making propaganda movies, BUT, this guy had hit on some incredible new ideas
that totally influenced Hollywood and reinvented movies forever
The
Kuleshov Effect
this was discovered as a way of manipulating viewers and it
works like crazy thanks to our brains
that experiment showed that we relate
imagery that we see in succession and we create a linkage and a story and an
explanation for the linkage even if there is nothing
this became a
foundation for a new kind of editing
Old Editing -
in the teens and
20s, editors simply put the pieces of film in story order, maybe inserting a few
close ups that worked in sequence
the shots went in logical patterns -
outside to inside - far to close - now to then
THEN Eisenstein used the
Kuleshov effect to produce a new kind of editing that he called MONTAGE
the
relationship between the shots would be in your head as an audience
member
A bunch of European directors and writers and actors and producers
were flooding to Hollywood in the 20s - 40s (maybe to escape Nazi stuff?) and
they brought a LOT of new European ideas to the American style
AFTER
WWII
Movies changed again - even more
The Hays Code - the
production code - Will Hays (postmaster general) was hired by the studio bosses
to create a code for what was allowed to be in the movies
the studio bosses
did this themselves in order to stop somebody else from doing it
this guy
lived with his sister, never got married, never had a drink, never swore and
never did anything ever that normal people do. Religious fanatic.
AND WHAT
DO YOU SUPPOSE WAS IN THE CODE?
After the war, things began to
change
What would young men who had to been to war, and an unknown number
of people traumatized by war, think about the Hays Code and the movies that came
from it?
What about real life?
What about real themes and ideas?
A split in movies - the ridiculous fake, awful world of Hollywood movies
and the post-war, interesting, “cool” movies
New
Problem!
TV!
Free!
In the 1950s TV was out and it was free
and awesome and at home and it was stealing viewers from movies
TVs were
expensive, but once you paid for it, you had all that free content.
Movies immediately lost millions and millions
PLUS, the US
government divested the theatres from the studios.
The studios were
suffering!
At the exact same time, there was a NEW kind of creature alive
in the world!
It was called TEENAGER
And it was
terrifying!
It liked crazy things.
Cars, girls, boys, black
people stuff!, weird music, naughty business, monsters, creepy things, comic
books, all kinds of horrible, dangerous, evil, dark, bizarre
stuff
November 12, 2012
D.W. Griffith
Jewish Connection?
L.A.? - Hollywood?
Why is
L.A. the center of the movie world?
terrain - ocean, beach, desert,
foothills, scrub, forest, mountains, snow
sun = light and it almost NEVER
rains
expansion - the community was small and there was a TON of land to buy
(and Jewish men could seem to buy it without too much hassle)
this was as far
as they could get AWAY from the “trust” - the white, WASPy rich old guys who
owned all the patents for movie making technology
Patterning - the first
people that went there established a pattern and their friends and fellow
moviemakers just jumped in
The Big
Studios
Paramount
Universal
20th Century Fox (or
Fox)
MGM
Warner Brothers
The movies that they made back in those
early days, reflected a very specific POV.
This POV is the immigrant
experience and it is STILL in the movies.
There is an outsider, he/she
is special, he/she is misunderstood, he/she doesn’t fit, and then he/she does
something awesome and shows everybody that he/she DESERVES to be accepted and
then he/she is accepted by society.
This is also the story of Hollywood.
Hollywood is NOT a place. There is a place called Hollywood - it is a
street - it used to be a road leading to a farm where the first studio was set
up in a barn
Hollywood is a concept about dreams and about becoming
something special
It is literally like a wish fulfillment for people who
feel outside and sad.
What is the Hollywood sign?
In the late
19-teens there started to be an INCREDIBLE amount of money generated.
Charlie Chaplin was a comedy star in live shows, he came to movies for
500 a week, then 5000 a week, and then 10,000 a week and then he angrily quit to
start his own studio because he wasn’t making enough money.
What did he
realize? The studio bosses were making WAY MORE.
He realized that the
audience loved him, not the bosses. HE was bigger than the movies.
That
is the pattern of movies today. The star rules.
As the 20s start, there
is a new development in movies and it is sound.
SOUND - 1925 - the first
music videos were made
Warner Bros - experiments - 1 brother liked it, the
others HATED it
No other studio boss wanted to use sound.
Movies are
silent, they said.
This seems crazy. It is not.
The industry was
built and running and AWESOME and why change it?
However, there was a
tester done. The Jazz Singer 1927 was a MONSTER hit.
The audiences
couldn’t get enough of MUSIC.
OVERNIGHT the other bosses said “Oh crap.
We have to follow suit.”
The entire industry had to change on every
single level.
SO MANY actors lost their jobs, some because they had bad
voices, but most because they were “old-fashioned” so people thought
All
new filmmaking
All new writing
All new directing
All new acting
All
new everything
Including, all new kinds of movies.
1930s - The Golden
Age of Movies
New technology came in and everything went BUMP.
First
thing - sound = music
But then, the geniuses showed up - Hollywood went to
Broadway and got the really talented dance/song/acting/writing/etc
people
There was also a strange influx of book writers coming in - sound =
dialogue, which means new kinds of comedy and new kinds of action
That
was called a “screwball comedy”
Gangster movies - dialogue rich, based
on novels, tough guy writers, cool style
1939 - the best year for movies,
ever (so many people have said).
The height of a system of movie making
called The Studio System (somebody should do a presentation on
this)
There is a little thing called World War 2 that kind of affects the
movies.
Hey, who are the studio bosses again?
Hey, what was
Hitler doing again?
Hey, isn’t there some kind of Jewish thing?
Hey, is this all connected?
Hollywood put all that they could of that stuff in movies, because
TV surely could not